Showing posts with label Repetitive. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Repetitive. Show all posts

Ergonomic Workplace Practices That Reduce Repetitive Strain Injuries

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) was initially referenced in 1982 by the National Health and Medical Research Council in a document that suggested: "workplace injury" triggered by a strenuous pressure from repetitive movement, or by maintained postures.

By the mid 1980's a considerably broadly worded definition surfaced:

"Repetition Strain Injury (RSI), better known as Occupational Overuse Syndrome, is seen as a name for an assortment of conditions categorized by aches or consistent soreness in muscles and tendons... Repetition Strain Injury is commonly triggered or aggravated by work as well as being related to repetitive movement, continual or restricted postures and/or forceful movements."

By 1985, in excess of 4000 incidents across Australia had been announced inside of the public service and more than 80% of all workplace damages claims by females had been linked to RSI. 20 000 litigants had materialized and the Insurance Council of Australia estimated prospective claims for the next twelve months at over $1 billion dollars!

There are numerous factors, which can lead to RSI presenting, in particular:

* repeated motions for long stretches of the time;

* lengthy work hours

* working too fast

* keeping your muscles in the same stance for a very long time

* doing work on equipment not suited to your body

* not having rests

* absence of training

* absence of diversity in the work performed

* working in cold conditions

RSI may appear across a vast number of workplace environments. Jobs where extensive desktop computer use is required greatly increases the risks, mainly because of poor posture over an extensive length of time and repetitive actions.

Whenever muscle groups are used, tiny rips can potentially occur on the muscle tissues, and these muscles may be painful as the body system makes an attempt to mend the damage. Repeated movements over a long period of time may adversely threaten these muscles ability to mend itself.

Thankfully there are measures that may be taken to defend RSI from manifesting and these may also treat symptoms of early phase RSI. Listed below are a list of suggested preventative tips formulated on workplace ergonomics:

Always maintain your monitor approximately between 50 and 100 hundred centimeters away from your face. Helps reduce eye strain. Whenever the depth of your work desk doesn't permit this, shift your computer monitor to a corner, or use a flat screen monitor (if available), to attain a deeper working surface area;

Change your screen so that the middle of the screen is situated at eye level. The screen ought to always be directly in front of your face and at / or marginally below eye level. If you wear glasses and continually tip your head back in order to look down through them at the monitor, lower the monitor further (or heighten your seat) so the screen sits at 15 to 20 degrees below eye level. You could also tilt the monitor slightly towards your face;

Place your key board so that your upper arms can easily dangle vertically. Try to avoid placements where you are forced to stretch your arms too far forward or flex your elbows away from your body to type;

Keep your key board at a height so your forearms extend no greater than 20 degrees above a horizontal position (if sitting), or 45 degrees beneath a horizontal position (if standing upright).

Position your mouse near your key board soit possible for you to transition between typing and using the mouse with as little impact on your arm and wrists. If you have a numeric pad on the right side of your key board, you may want to use your mouse on the left side as this centers the part of the keyboard you use most. (You could also try alternating left and right-sided mouse usage to diminish the impacts of repetitive use).

Position all desk accessories within eyesight and reach. Place your phone, writing equipment, books and other equipment you use on a daily basis within grasp from where you sit. (You should not need to stretch to reach objects).

If you use a document holder, do not set it to one side of your computer monitor (unless you also use a 2nd one on the other side), twisting your head in one direction for prolonged periods fatigues the neck muscles. If possible, position the document holder directly beneath the monitor, angling it in the middle of the screen and keyboard set up.

Vary your chair elevation so your feet are flat on the floor. This should keep your knees and torso at somewhere around the same elevation. To find this level, stand up by the chair and increase or drop the seat edge to just below your knee caps. If the seat isn't adjustable, either put a foot rest below your feet or add a wedge pillow to the seat of the chair

Arrange your back-rest to press comfortably on your back. A good back-rest will press into your lower back and provide you with lumbar support.

Set up arm rests to retain elbows bent somewhere between 90 and 110 degrees horizontally. Take attention and care that your elbows are not winged out, but rather suspended at a comfortable, relatively straight angle. Your forearms should be parallel to the floor and your wrists in a natural, comfortable position.

Always maintain a neutral wrist posture. Avoid angling your wrist sharply upwards or downwards to type. Use a split or ergonomic keyboard; to assist your wrists "drift" over the key board, work with a wrist support;

Adjust your position frequently. Regardless of how healthy your work posture is, sitting in any single position for a prolonged period is not healthy. If you have an adjustable chair, switch in between the upright, reclined and declined positions, all of which will keep your pose natural and stress-free.

If you are in the process of setting up or refitting a workplace, there are significant choices available for workstations and ergonomic office chairs that have been designed to assist reducing the effects of RSI. Alternatively a good commercial interior designer will be able to recommend workstations and office furniture that is adjustable and built according to best practice ergonomics.

Office Space Design empowers Australian companies with productive, efficient workplace spaces that facilitate core business needs while promoting culture and identity.

Office Space Design delivers commercial architectural, design and construct services to Australian companies moving offices or involved in refurbishment, relocation and fit-out projects.

http://www.officespacedesign.com.au/


Original article

Repetitive Stress Injuries: High Cost to Employers and Employees

The majority of the working population has heard of Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSIs), and it's no wonder why. These ergonomic disorders account for over 50% of illnesses reported to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and are the fastest growing category of work-related illness. RSIs are the most common and costly occupational health problem in the nation. Depending on the source, it is estimated that employers spend between 20 and $80 billion annually on worker's compensation for RSIs. They spend another $100 billion on lost productivity, employee turnover, and indirect expenses. Employees suffering RSIs are subject to financial, physical, and psychological devastation. Clearly the body is vulnerable these injuries at work, but that doesn't mean they are not easy to prevent.

What RSI is

Repetitive Stress Injury is an umbrella term for several disorders and goes by many names. Repetitive Strain Injury, Overuse Injury, and Cumulative Trauma Disorder are common terms describing the same thing. They are cumulative traumas resulting from prolonged repetitive, forceful, or awkward positions, particularly those that use fine muscles (like in the hands and wrists.) A few examples of RSIs include: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome, Tennis/Golfer's Elbow, and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

What Happens in the Body

Each body - male or female, strong or weak, large or small - responds to physical stimuli the same way. Fine muscle movements (that are repetitive, forceful or awkward) put strain on muscles and tendons, which eventually cause microtears in the tissue. The body's response to the tears results in muscle contraction, minimizing the range of motion of that muscle/joint. Without time to rest, the sheaths covering the tendons lose lubrication and are therefore chafed with activity. The body's response to this is inflammation which may cause the neighboring nerves to become impinged. Very simply, as the body tries to adapt to the stress placed on it, it is more vulnerable to injury unless given sufficient time to rest and recover.

Additionally, it has been found that there are tissue-level changes associated with repetitive stress. Studies are currently being conducted to determine whether the chemical reaction involved in repetitive stress leads to damage of the muscle fibers through activity-generated free radicals.

The result is pain, numbness, tingling, hypersensitivity to touch, weakness, and/or limited range of motion. The sensations can range from annoying to debilitating; the latter being likely if nothing is done to alleviate the pain and eliminate the cause.

How Bad is it?

The median amount of lost work time per injury is 18 days. Consider the severity and cost of something that would keep a person from working for 3-4 weeks. By the time physical symptoms of RSI surface, there is already significant damage to tissues. Continuing to injure the area not only affects a person's livelihood, but also daily functions. Carrying, grasping, chopping, bending, and manipulating objects become painful and lead to feelings of frustration and helplessness. Chronic injuries can lead to depression and quality-of-life issues as well. RSIs may seem insignificant but actually impact many areas of life.

Risks and Prevention

The physical stresses that place people at risk for developing RSIs are looked at in conjunction with other risk factors. This is considered an ergonomic issue; workstations are commonly found to be the cause of RSIs. In addition to performing forceful, repetitive or awkward movements, other risk factors include:

Poor posturePoor body mechanicsInfrequent breaksLack of regular exerciseHigh-pressure work environmentsStressful, sedentary, or otherwise unhealthy lifestylesOverweightLack of sleepLack of awareness (Not paying attention to or dismissing signals from the body that there is a problem.More

Preventing RSIs should happen immediately, even if problems don't yet exist. As mentioned earlier, by the time physical symptoms arise, the damage is already significant. Ensure that posture is neutral and not strained, workstations are set up according to the height and capabilities of the individual worker, and allot enough time for breaks. Outside of work, maintaining as healthy a lifestyle as possible will help the body recover and be fit enough to perform and heal at its optimum potential. Failure to prevent RSIs can become financially and physically disastrous very quickly. In some cases, the injury is severe enough to force an employee to leave his job. Even if he is awarded compensation for the injury, this situation can be devastating.

Given the frequency of RSIs reported and paid for each year, it is obvious that an astounding number of jobs pose risks for developing a Repetitive Stress Injury of some kind. While employers and insurance companies prefer to avoid the cost of these situations, employees themselves have a lot on the line. This all sounds like common sense, yet RSIs remain the most common job-related health issue in the U.S. What will you do to spare yourself from being a part of this statistic?

Jacob Cummings is the National Sales Manager for PHS West, Inc. He has been with the company for 11 years. PHS West Inc manufactures customized material handling carts and electric tugs for a variety of applications including medical supply carts, cart movers and endoscopy carts. Jacob has written a variety of articles on work related injuries and ergonomics. More articles on Work Place Injuries.


Original article